12 years ago today, the Bitcoin price was born. 1 USD = 1309.03 BTC. Bitcoin price is up 6 billion % since then
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Note: This applies from the 3rd of October, 2020 to the 3rd of October, 2021, when I wrote the post. I'm posting it today because I had trouble accessing it all. Like it says on the title: last year I just happened to have $50 to spare and, instead of adding it to my other…
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I dont know if I am alone in thinking this, but I am really not happy that ETH2 will require you to have 32 ETH if you want to stake and get more ETH. Solana and Cardona let you stake at almost any amount. My main problem with this, is right now, I am a…
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Nearly every day as of late, scary headlines herald the demise of cryptocurrencies while federal governments and regulators all over the world crackdown on the enigmatic digital assets. âSEC Working Overtime to Take Control of Crypto Marketsâ, âPeopleâs Bank of China Rules All Crypto-Related Trading Illegalâ, âRussiaâs Central Bank Wants to Slow Down Cryptocurrency Paymentsâ, âIndian Authorities Consider Taxing Cryptocurrency Tradesâ, to name a few. Indeed, itâs no secret that there is no love lost between the Powers That Be and the crypto world, as decentralized blockchain technology has opened up a realm where the establishment can neither track nor regulate its citizensâ financial activities. Itâs precisely this loss of control that drives governments crazy, and also what makes cryptocurrencies so attractive to average people. Mainstream media outlets aid and abet the authoritiesâ efforts to discredit digital assets by creating and feeding into negative hype with loud gloom-and-doom headlines that make the crypto world look shady and unreliable. A piece recently appearing in The New Yorker entitled Pumpers, Dumpers, and Shills: The Skycoin Saga does just that. On its surface, the article appears to be a hit piece on a specific crypto project and its founder, but, on reading between the lines, it becomes apparent that it is really an attack on cryptocurrencies in general. Cryptocurrencies and the SEC The real intent becomes clear about halfway through the 30-page feature, when its author, Morgen Peck, takes a detour from her assault on Skycoin and its founder, Brandon Smietana, to call into question the very legality of the crypto industry as a whole: âUS law generally requires projects to register with the SEC, forcing them to make financial disclosures that investors could then inspect before buying. Almost none do, giving convoluted rationales that John Reed Stark, the founder of the SECâs Internet-enforcement office, told me are âpoppycock,ââ she asserts. Peck goes on to note that: âNot registering can facilitate further rule-breaking, as when, say, influencers promote coins without disclosing their investment, or projects pump coins with fraudulent claims. Stark said, of ICOs, âEvery single one I ever saw was unlawful on multiple levels.ââ Peck implies that Skycoin was operating illegally because it was not registered with the SEC and, by extension, infers that any cryptocurrency that is not registered with the SEC is a fraud. The problem is that these suppositions are, at a minimum, highly misleading, and possibly venture into the territory of full-blown lies. While US law does require that securities be registered with the SEC, commodities and property, including digital property, are excluded unless they entail ownership in a company or are an interest-producing investment asset. NFTs, property, and currencies are not regulated by the SEC â only bonds and equity. It is the legal opinion of most lawyers that crypto assets that do not represent an ownership stake in a business enterprise and which are not income or interest-bearing are not financial instruments and, therefore, do not require SEC registration. Moreover, the US Congress has never passed an act explicitly granting the SEC regulatory jurisdiction over the crypto industry. In fact, the Commodities Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) and SEC are currently publicly fighting over regulatory jurisdiction over crypto. At present, itâs a matter of contention even within the SEC itself whether cryptocurrency falls under their mandate. This becomes quickly apparent when looking at the SECâs web page concerning initial coin offerings, or ICOs: âICOs, based on specific facts, may be securities offerings, and fall under the SECâs jurisdiction of enforcing federal securities laws,â according to the SECâs site, which goes on to say, âICOs that are securities most likely need to be registered with the SEC or fall under an exemption to registration.â So, ICOs that meet âspecificâ criteria âmay beâ considered securities, and those that are deemed to be securities âmost likelyâ need to be registered â this is hardly a legal mandate. For a cryptocurrency to fall under the regulatory authority of the SEC, it must pass the Howey Test, which includes three criteria that the Supreme Court determined are necessary for a financial instrument to be considered a security. They include (1) an investment of money (2) in a common enterprise (3) with a reasonable expectation of profit derived from the entrepreneurial or managerial efforts of others. If an asset does not meet these three requirements, it is not an investment contract and not a security. It is important to note that the SEC has stated that neither Bitcoin nor Ether satisfy the Howey test, and thus do not fall under its purview, specifying that: âwhether a particular digital asset at the time of its offer or sale satisfies the Howey test depends on the specific facts and circumstances.â Peckâs assertion that âUS law generally requires projects to register with the SECâ appears to be blatantly false, as, according to the SECâs own statement, only tokens deemed to be securities âbased on specific facts, maybeâ required to do so. Her implication that cryptocurrencies not registered with the SEC are somehow fraudulent appears even more absurd in light of the fact that US cryptocurrency exchanges will not allow trading of any asset that is registered with the SEC because that would mean the exchange itself would fall under SEC regulation. Crypto projects are required to get letters stating that they are not an investment instrument and not subject to SEC regulation before being listed on US cryptocurrency exchanges, as no US exchange will list any crypto-asset which requires SEC registration. So, to follow the journalistâs logic, nearly all cryptocurrency projects are operating illegally because they are not registered with the SEC, but if their tokens were registered with the SEC, they would be impossible to exchange, as no cryptocurrency exchange would list them. But, if this were true, it would completely negate the whole basis of the cryptocurrency industry, because why would anyone want to create or own a digital asset that could not be exchanged? Morgen Peck seems to be implying that the entire cryptocurrency market, which was worth $1.49 billion in 2020 with a global market cap of $1.9 trillion, is a giant illegal enterprise. In fact, the first SEC-registered offering of a digital token ever took place only in May of 2021, when blockchain-based trading platform operator INX Ltd. became the first to hold one. This was six to eight years after nearly all of the cryptocurrencies exchanged today were launched. Skycoin, the subject of The New Yorker article, held its ICO in 2016, which was a year before the SEC even issued its investor bulletin on ICOs, which warned that cryptocurrencies could be considered securities under certain circumstances. Moreover, prior to its ICO, Skycoin had received legal opinions from two separate US lawyers stating that its token was not an investment instrument and did not fall under SEC regulation or require SEC registration â a fact that Morgen Peck was informed of, but failed to include in her article. And this wasnât the only fact she conveniently neglected to mention. Omissions, Fabrications, and Spin The New Yorker article, which often reads more like a spy thriller than a work of investigative journalism, begins by introducing Skycoinâs founder, Brandon Smietana, as a hipstery geek âdestined for greatnessâ in the crypto world. However, as the story unfolds, Smietana is gradually revealed to be more of an erratic mad professor out to bilk participants in his project for a quick buck. The salacious account includes more than its fair share of yachts, VIP parties, and prostitutes to grab readersâ attention. Skycoin is portrayed as a scam company with no real accounting or HR departments that are flooded with cash and pushing new technology that doesnât really exist. However, given that Skycoin was launched in 2013 and is still actively working to this day, just why Peckâs âSkycoin Sagaâ is told almost exclusively through the eyes of a disgruntled former contractor, Bradford Stephens, who worked for the company for a mere six weeks more than two years before her article was published, remains an open question. Stephens, whose company, Smolder LLC, was briefly contracted to do marketing work for Skycoin in 2018, left the project under pressure after it was discovered that his business partners had questionable pasts. One of his partners, Harrison Gevirtz, aka Harro, is widely considered to be the king of the blackhat marketing criminal underworld, while Smolderâs other partners, Ryan Eagle and Adam Young, were operators in Eagle Web Assets, a company named in a US Government FTC action (FTC v. Eagle Web Assets) for fraudulent marketing practices in 2014 and 2016. Peck fails to note that the main source of her article resigned under pressure, nor does she mention why, even though she had been made fully aware of the circumstances. This omission is especially concerning given that Peck appears to have taken Stephens at his word without ever verifying his claims for herself. For example, Peck writes: âThe employment structure at Skycoin was loose, and Stephens joined without a contract. âHere I was, a guy used to wrangling hundred-page venture-capital contracts, and Iâm joining a company with no last names and barely any first names,â Stephens said.â In fact, Skycoin has a COO, an accounting department, and six full-time employees doing administrative work in a downtown Shanghai office, where the company is based. However, in the course of doing research for the article, neither Peck nor anyone else from The New Yorker actually went to China, where 80% of Skycoinâs employees are located. They never bothered to visit the company to meet its administrative and accounting staff in order to find out if Stephensâ allegations were actually true. Apparently, for the purposes of her story, Peck decided it was going to be more interesting for her audience to read about high-priced escorts partying in a Las Vegas suite than recent college graduates sitting in an office doing spreadsheets all day long. Another claim that Peck seems to have taken at face value is that Skycoinâs whole network was running on a single masternode computer. âSkycoinâs payments were fast, but only because transactions were processed on a single server, rather than on a decentralized network of computers,â she wrote. However, according to Smietana, there are 9,000 nodes online just for Skywire, Skycoinâs flagship product. âEvery server in the network passes every transaction peer to peer. Every server in the network passes every block peer to peer. Every server in the network independently validates the transactions,â he says. In researching the article, Peck seemed to be more interested in collecting information to disparage Skycoin and Smietana than in really getting to the truth of what was going on with the company. She is on record for calling/contacting dozens of Skycoin employees, including Smietanaâs former personal assistant, and asking them âAre you disgruntled?â If the employee didnât seem to have a personal grudge with Skycoin or Smietana, she would immediately terminate the phone interview. Blockchain thought leader and media veteran, Michael Terpin, who was interviewed for the article and is also one of its subjects, stated after reading it, âWhy did they need to hire a fact-checker if they were just going to lie? I told her [Peck] I didnât find Bradford to be credible and I reinforced that with the fact-checker [Anna Boots].â Terpin reiterated to Peck and Boots multiple times that Stephens was not credible, yet this didnât sway the authors from including his allegations. âSudoâ, a former marketing contractor who was also interviewed by Peck, stated in a public Telegram channel called Euclidâs Coin Window that: âShe [Morgen Peck] had a personal vendetta out for Brandon. So I can see why she went through with it. I just canât imagine the New Yorker paying for this garbage, well I can buy you know what I mean when I say that.â Sudo implied in numerous Telegram channels that Bradford and Morgen worked on this article for over two years to destroy Skycoin, speculating that Morgan Peck was âboughtâ. Shilling for The Establishment In the end, it would appear that Peck concealed facts that she was aware of, but which did not align with the narrative she was trying to sell, published fabricated claims without ever verifying their veracity, and cherry-picked and slanted the information in her article so as to produce the desired effect â to make Skycoin, and, by extension, the entire crypto industry, look like an unregulated Wild Wild West peopled by âPumpers, Dumpers, and Shills.â Peckâs approach to Skycoin comes as little surprise considering her other works, which demonstrate a clearly discernible disdain for cryptocurrencies. In a 2018 article entitled Letâs Destroy Bitcoin, Peck opines that the worldâs first cryptocurrency is destined to be either (1) taken over by central banks, (2) eclipsed by tokens offered by big social media companies like Facebook, or (3) diluted out of existence by a plethora of competitors. Of course, given that Bitcoin traded for about $6,500 at the time of the articleâs publication two years ago, and can be exchanged for over six times that amount today, investors who may have been warned off of Bitcoin by Peckâs article may be feeling a little disappointed. While bias and hit pieces in the media are nothing new, the glaring question regarding this particular piece is: How was an article so rife with omissions and fabrications allowed to pass through The New Yorkerâs editorial process without even basic verification? However, seeing how liberal mainstream media outlets often serve as mouthpieces for The Powers That Be, which clearly disapprove of cryptocurrencies because decentralized blockchains lie outside of the establishmentâs control, itâs not hard to guess.
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The Algorand Foundation has confirmed that the program has now ended: https://algorand.foundation/news/accelerated-vesting-complete. You can read about EIP-11252019AF here. It shows that the plan was to continue vesting until 2024, but Algorand has performed so well so consistently that we're already done before the end of 2021. Approximately 200 million ALGO still need to be paid…
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NFT gaming studio Sky Mavis plans to pursue further expansions in the emerging play-to-earn arena.