Where can I learn about tradeoffs related to networking?

I don’t have a computer science background but taught myself programming (including some solidity).

Now I still don’t get many things around networking. Even simple stuff like what determines block intervals precisely. Of course it has to do with latency but how exactly? How are messages passed around in the network? How many messages have to be passed around for which consensus algorithm. I really want to wrap my head around that stuff once and for all.

Please give me deep resources! Can be both aimed at beginners (of studying computer science) or experts (where I‘ll probably scratch my head) just not some shallow blog article please.

Or it would already be helpful to know exactly what keywords I need to google :).

Thanks in advance for any help!