very strange transaction with Ledger nano s

Question: is it possible to sign/make a transaction WITHOUT enough funds – that confirms later at a time, when there are enough funds on the ledger?

Seems that this is exactly what happened. I sent ETH from ledger to exchange, afterwards ledger was nearly empty (but not totally). Four days later I sent the funds back from exchange to the ledger – seconds later THE SAME amount (that I sent at first to exchange) was sent back to exchange (to my account) without my „permission“.

Of course I panicked 😁 etherscan says: this „unpermitted“ transaction took 4 days to confirm – exact the time I sent the first transaction..

Can anyone follow?

Is it possible that the ledger signed 1 transaction twice? And „confirmed“ the transaction after having enough funds?

Totally weird