How does ethereum keep the size of the blockchain manageable after the merge?

One of the challenges of decentralization is keeping the size of the blockchain small so that nodes are not too expensive to run. This is why we don’t just keep increasing the block size.

Eth 2.0 is supposed to increase the scale of ethereum by using a different consensus mechanism, which allows blocks to be added much more quickly, but how does the network not suffer from having a blockchain that explodes in size, requiring nodes to use more storage, and thus causing node centralization? How is moving to proof of stake any different from just increasing the block size in that respect?